How can the distribution network be profitable?

Distribution network refers to the substation, lines, cables, towers, distribution transformers, disconnectors, reactive power compensator and other facilities, in the power grid from the role of power distribution network. According to the requirements of promoting the development of distribution network and improving the efficiency of distribution operation, the paper explores the effective ways of investing and allocating social capital to power distribution business, and gradually liberalize the investment to meet the requirements of the market Business, to encourage the development of mixed ownership of the distribution business. So how does social capital put into the incremental distribution network?
First, what is the incremental distribution network? Incremental, as the name suggests is not the original, now have, called incremental. That is, the new distribution network called incremental distribution network. However, the wisdom of the Shanxi people told us that the concept must be advancing with the times. September 29, 2016, Shanxi Province Economic and Information Technology Commission, Shanxi Provincial Development and Reform Commission "on the issuance of Shanxi Province, the release of incremental power distribution business pilot program notice" clear, incremental distribution network assets, including two parts: First, for the formation of history, the State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company and Jin Neng Group Co., Ltd. outside the stock of distribution network assets can be regarded as incremental power distribution business; Second, into the distribution network annual construction plan, the voltage level in the 110 kV and below the new distribution network. This concept, which was later widely used, became a typical concept. Guizhou provides that the power grid company outside the distribution of assets outside the distribution network is the incremental distribution network, and Shanxi exactly the same. Guangxi said that the Guangxi power grid assets outside the distribution network as an incremental distribution network. Beijing believes that the national network of Beijing Electric Power Company outside the stock allocation of assets, can be regarded as incremental power distribution business. Shandong, Henan, Hebei are about the definition of this. In other words, as long as the grid is not in the hands of the distribution network, regardless of whether there is now there are incremental distribution network. Later, the distribution network 110 kV following the concept has also been broken.
National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Board "orderly release distribution network business management approach" provides that "the approach referred to in the distribution network business is to meet the power distribution needs and planning requirements of the incremental distribution network investment, construction, operation and Mixed ownership way investment distribution network capacity expansion ", that is, 220 kV level can also be distribution network. August 22, 2016 Chongqing City, "on the social capital investment and distribution business matters related to the letter," pointed out that "in China's ultra-high voltage power grid, UHV power grid and smart grid continues to develop, increasingly complex power grid today, transmission and distribution The network should not be simply divided by the voltage level, but should be divided from the point of view of functional role ";" National Energy Board issued the "distribution network planning and design technical guidelines" only clear the scope of the guidelines, does not provide 220 kV system Can not be used as a distribution system. " Yunnan Province, said the letter through the provincial distribution of electricity companies to participate in market-based transactions to buy and sell electricity of the new distribution network users, according to the 2016 market-oriented power plant average transaction price calculation, 220-kilovolt voltage level users electricity costs 0.271 yuan / KWh, clear new distribution network includes 220 kV rating. That is to say, as long as the grid is not in the hands of the distribution network, regardless of whether there is now there, as long as the voltage at 220 kV and below, are incremental distribution network.
Second, the state on the incremental distribution network introduced what policy? In recent years, China's power grid investment to maintain high, transmission line length, substation capacity increased significantly, built the world's largest power network, at the same time, distribution network significantly inadequate. With the large amount of distributed energy access, distribution network investment has a great demand. August 2015 the National Energy Board issued a "distribution network construction transformation action plan", pointed out that as an important infrastructure distribution network has a large gap: "thirteen" during the distribution network investment of not less than 1.7 trillion yuan, At the same time from the power supply reliability, the user average power outage time, integrated voltage pass rate, power grid automation and other aspects of the distribution network transformation requirements. It is expected that by 2020, the capacity of high-voltage distribution network will reach 2.1 billion kVA, the line length will reach 1.01 million km, which is 1.5 times and 1.4 times of that of 2014 respectively. The medium-voltage public distribution capacity will reach 1.15 billion kVA, Line length of 4.04 million km, respectively, 2014, 1.4 times, 1.3 times. The total power outage time in 2014, the city, the township, the rural household power outages were 4.4 hours, 17.5 hours, 73.6 hours, according to the distribution network transformation plan to guide the target, the central city, town, rural household power outages should be reduced To 1 hour, 10 hours and 24 hours. At the same time, to carry out pilot demonstration, and gradually to meet the conditions of the market liberalization of additional power distribution business, give full play to the role of market mechanisms to mobilize social capital to participate in the construction of distribution network initiative. Research and implementation of social capital investment and distribution business, government and social capital cooperation in the construction of distribution network infrastructure specific measures. In September 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Commission issued a "report on the application of incremental power distribution pilot project" to increase the power distribution facilities as a basic unit to attract social capital investment investment of about 100 incremental power distribution Business pilot projects, play a pilot role model to encourage social capital to participate in investment in incremental distribution business. October 11, the state "orderly release distribution network business management approach" released. In a word, the state of social capital investment in incremental distribution network planning, measures, policy-oriented clear.
Third, the distribution network to make money? No. 9 text provides that the government mainly approved transmission and distribution price, and to the public, to accept social supervision, transmission and distribution price gradually transition to the "permitted cost plus reasonable income" principle, sub-voltage level approved The According to the national grid, for example, in 2015, the sales of 3,450.6 billion kwh, total assets of 311.49 billion yuan, asset-liability ratio of 55.4%, profits of 86.5 billion yuan, net assets yield 5.15%, electricity profit 2.78 Minute. Yes, the national grid transmission and distribution price per kilowatt-hour can achieve nearly three cents profit. Must be seen, for the national grid, the first must bear the power supply services, the number of silver lines through the mountains for a few times the power, lose money; the second is to bear a lot of social stability, how many power supply enterprises overcrowding, to cost ah; Three is the objective of a lot of ineffective investment, but also the cost of ah; Fourth, the infinite increase in reliability investment increased the cost. These factors, for a certain area of the incremental distribution network operators are able to avoid a considerable extent. Therefore, if the liberation of ideas, "distribution network +" is a lot of profit points can be added.
After the issuance of the "International Energy Reform Forum" held in Suzhou, the chairman of the State Grid Corporation and the party secretary Shu Yinbiao told reporters at the "International Energy Reform Forum" held in Suzhou. Said that the national grid is very welcome to private enterprises involved in the new power distribution business. Who is investing in the study of the national "increase in the amount of distribution network" is nothing more than: similar to Inner Mongolia, Guangxi and other local governments hold a considerable part of the distribution network; part of the original industrial park investment in the distribution network; similar to Shandong Weiqiao Power distribution network formed by the power supply near the district; the power supply network formed by the reservoir area; some large factories and mines, farm restructuring after the formation of secondary power supply distribution network; part still retains the form of wholesale counties, towns, Small industrial area of the distribution network; large users specifically change the distribution network. These distribution network has actually become a monk meat. Many sales companies, especially listed companies set up the sale of electricity companies have acquired the "stock of incremental distribution network" as a priority business. Distribution network prices have gone up, the current basic valuation is 20 to 40 times earnings, book value of 5 to 10 times. But also because the price is very high, the basic price is no city. There is also a "real incremental distribution network". In fact, social capital appears to be enthusiastic about investing. However, also faced with three major difficulties: First, competition in power grid enterprises. From the grid point of view of enterprises, are released two, and the middle of this link is the basic rice bowl, keep the soil is responsible in the inevitable, easy to compete is nothing wrong. Therefore, in the coordination of power grid enterprises, many social capital feel difficult, difficult. Second, the local government over the sky asking price. From the perspective of the local government, since it is scarce resources, since many investors interested in a strong opportunity to change the market for investment, market opportunities for the stock exchange and so on it is not surprising. Therefore, a lot of social capital investment in the distribution network is not a simple assessment of a project planning. Third, short-term economic efficiency is poor. From the investor's point of view, the new distribution network must be the load is not, the most is the planned load, the plan can be implemented as planned for a long time will not be effective, not to mention the usual planning things from the actual one hundred thousand Eight thousand miles, and investment, after all, is to make money. Therefore, the real money and silver cast down the case really much less.
Fifth, what is put into operation the correct posture distribution network? First, put into operation distribution network should strive for lower purchase price. Distribution network operators in addition to receiving and receiving power distribution, but also responsible for the priority of electricity customers and power supply services. How to operate in the distribution network at the same time, optimize the power structure is an important profit direction. Especially for a complete administrative area of the incremental distribution network, such as the sub-provincial new district, can be through the power of the planning, policy to make the regional power supply side of the lower prices. For a smaller distribution network, taking full account of the comprehensive utilization of energy, integrated supply is also a great article. Second, put into operation distribution network should optimize the grid design. Optimization of the grid is conducive to improving the utilization of assets, help to reduce the technical line damage, it will help improve the rate of return on investment. Such as 200KV-20KV-400K level of the grid to reduce a voltage level. Incremental distribution network is an important feature of a good picture of a white paper, should be based on the characteristics of the load, scientific accounting, reasonable planning, orderly advance. Third, put into operation distribution network should carry out value-added services. In fact, the distribution network can do a lot of articles, we must emancipate the mind, such as the combination of substations, street lights to build charging stations, charging piles, such as energy storage stations, distributed power and Internet technology to increase the load rate, such as the use of distribution network communications System to carry out telecommunications, television services, such as the use of electrical facilities to carry out advertising business, such as the use of financial leverage to carry out energy and financial services and so on. Value-added services to carry out the situation to a large extent determine the distribution level of distribution network. Fourth, put into operation distribution network should use the capital market. This is a long hair in the pig dog to pay the bill may be achieved in the era of public entrepreneurship innovation to promote the continuous innovation of the capital market. In fact, even if the distribution network operators do not make money, it is entirely possible to make money through the capital market.