The Important Direction and Key Technology of

First, the development of the status quo
Coal-fired power generation technology and power generation technology and equipment continue to high parameters, large capacity, high efficiency and low emission direction, boiler and turbine manufacturing and operation control technology has made great progress, the overall technology close to the international advanced level, some technology reached the international leading level The The international advanced level: 1000MW and 600MW 600 ℃ supercritical coal-fired units and installed capacity of the ranks of the first in the world, with independent intellectual property rights and has been exported abroad, the unit power generation efficiency of more than 45%, has reached the international advanced level; Sub-reheat power generation technology with independent development and manufacturing capabilities, technical level and the international advanced level quite International leading level: China's circulating fluidized bed combustion technology, equipment R & D and operation control technology. For example: Sichuan Baima 600MW supercritical unit, the world's first 600MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler steam parameters reached 25.4MPa / 571 ℃ / 569 ℃, unit efficiency reached 43.2%. Close to the international advanced level: the overall coal gasification combined cycle power generation technology, for example: Tianjin IGCC power generation technology first demonstration power station.
Transmission and distribution technology field UHV AC 1000kv, DC ± 800kv series of equipment has been achieved in the voltage level, transmission distance, transmission capacity, key equipment, etc. constantly refresh the world record, the overall international level.
New energy power generation technology field Our new energy power generation technology started late, but the development is very fast. Wind power stand-alone capacity and key technologies continue to progress, has formed a 4MW following wind turbine unit and key components of the design and manufacturing system, the initial master 5 ~ 6MW wind turbine integrated machine technology, fan manufacturing enterprises in the international occupy an important position. China's comprehensive strength of offshore wind power is weak, the unit capacity to 3MW ~ 4MW-based, 6MW unit in the prototype test stage, and China's serious lack of offshore wind power construction experience, operation and maintenance and professional monitoring need to be strengthened. Solar power, the formation of crystalline silicon solar cell-based industrial clusters, part of the production equipment to achieve localization, thin film solar cell technology to accelerate the pace of industrialization. At present, the average conversion efficiency of polysilicon batteries to 18%, monocrystalline silicon cell conversion efficiency of nearly 20%, thin film battery efficiency reached 21%, are in the world's leading level. Solar thermal power generation technology has made important achievements, including tower and trough power generation projects have been carried out demonstration applications. Biomass power generation, based on pure biomass raw materials, direct combustion power generation is China's biomass power generation mature mainstream technology, biomass gasification power generation scale is still small, biomass direct combustion power generation has begun to take the industrial scale. Marine energy generation, the overall demonstration of the application to the industrialization of the important stage, of which tidal power generation technology has matured, built into a number of tidal power station; wave and ocean current technology research and development and demonstration of small prototype to make progress , Temperature difference power generation still remain in the laboratory test phase. Geothermal power generation, the low temperature geothermal power generation technology is basically mature but the key materials and equipment of the localization of low; high temperature geothermal steam power generation technology and foreign there is a big gap; deep high temperature geothermal drilling has not yet formed the relevant technical reserves.
Water conservancy power field high dam large library, large capacity, long cited water hole, large underground cavern and other overall technology walk in the international leading ranks. Hydropower units and metal structure technology, through the introduction, digestion, absorption, re-innovation, has achieved leapfrog development, with independent development of large hydropower units, the core technology development and manufacturing of key components reached the same level of foreign countries. In the metal structure manufacturing, flood control gate and hoist technology reached the international level, manufacturing and installation technology has been the leading international level.
Nuclear power technology in the field of third-generation nuclear power technology to the world's advanced level, high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, has developed the world's first set of high-power electromagnetic bearings main helium fan engineering prototype, in the world's leading level. In the fast reactor technology, the power generation power of 20MW test fast reactor has been grid-connected power generation, safety indicators have reached the fourth generation of advanced nuclear energy system security objectives, close to the international advanced level. Became the second country to follow the Russian fast neutron heap operation.
The introduction and independent research and development of heavy-duty gas turbines in the field of gas turbine power generation have made progress in the basic fields such as gas turbine design, manufacture and combustion. However, the gap between gas turbine technology and developed countries is very large. Domestic gas turbine equipment is heavily dependent on imports, and international advanced G / H , J-class heavy-duty gas turbine primary temperature has reached 1500 ~ 1600 ℃, simple cycle power generation efficiency of 40% to 41%, combined cycle power generation efficiency has reached 60%. In the micro-gas turbine, the micro-gas turbine is mainly used for hot and cold power supply system, belonging to the distributed energy system, from the current use of equipment to see the system reliability, low maintenance costs, long life and long energy efficiency. Is still in the development and promotion phase
Second, the "thirteen" power technology major direction and key technology from the implementation of national energy development strategy to address energy support China's economic and social development, promote global energy sustainable development and other major issues, "13" period, in the grid, To gradually increase the proportion of renewable energy power generation in the total electricity consumption as the core objectives, the need to focus on smart grid technology development, advanced deployment of China's new generation of energy systems and global energy Internet key technology research; in terms of power generation to optimize Energy structure, improve non-fossil energy accounted for the proportion of primary energy consumption, focusing on the development of water power generation, the safe development of nuclear power technology. "Thirteen Five" period, China's power technology will focus on nine major technical direction of the 38 key technical research work.
Smart Grid Technology Smart Grid has become the global power grid development and progress of the trend, Europe and the United States and other developed countries have been upgraded to national strategy. China has a good foundation and international competitiveness in the key technologies, equipment and demonstration applications of smart grid. Smart grid technology system covers power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, electricity and scheduling and other links.
1, large-scale renewable energy grid control technology At present, China's new energy power generation grid capacity has been in the forefront of the world, wind power and photovoltaic power generation capacity and grid capacity, respectively, ranking first in the world and the second. However, the intermittent and random characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic power generation are difficult to meet the requirements of simultaneous consumption of electricity production. There is a problem of abandoning the wind and abandoning the light in some parts of the country, and it needs to make great significance in the large-scale energy storage technology breakthrough. Focus on breakthroughs in large-scale renewable energy base Power transmission and control, large-scale distributed energy Flexible operation and control, conventional / heating unit to enhance the capacity and flexibility control, the new large-capacity power storage, offshore platform power system interconnection and stability Control, offshore wind power / photovoltaic power generation access and send a number of core key technologies.
2, large power grid flexible interconnection technology with a certain technical foundation and engineering experience, there are major problems are large capacity, long-distance transmission capacity is still insufficient for special occasions, new transmission technology and higher voltage level of flexible DC transmission technology is still To be broken. Focus on breaking 500KV below the overhead line based on flexible DC transmission technology, focusing on research and development of large capacity flexible DC converter and other advanced power transmission equipment; 2020, the development of ultra-high voltage flexible DC transmission and networking equipment.
3, the modern distribution network multi-user supply and demand interactive power technology With the distribution network renewable renewable energy generation of high proportion of access, large-capacity electric vehicle charging facilities generally established, the grid load peak difference is more difficult to adjust, the traditional Of the passive distribution network will be difficult to adapt to these new needs and changes, the need to use active distribution network technology to solve the new problems encountered in the construction of modern distribution network. Focus on breaking the active distribution network planning technology, distribution network and user interaction technology, high-power electric vehicle charging distribution network adaptability technology. Demonstration applications Smart electricity, electric vehicle charging and battery cascade use of engineering and new energy alternative equipment.
4, the new energy storage technology Pumping power storage power station is the main form of large-scale energy storage system, but the pumped storage power station by geographical location and water resources constraints, with the new energy storage battery research in-depth operation, "thirteen Five "period will be the new chemical energy storage technology gradually to large capacity, high efficiency, long life development stage, and is expected to enter the commercial stage. Focusing on the new chemical energy storage technology: for large-scale renewable energy consumption of the new chemical energy storage system application technology; power for the megawatt-class new energy and other forms of energy conversion equipment; focus on breakthroughs in power storage The key technology of integration and monitoring of megawatt - class new chemical energy storage system.
China's new generation of energy systems technology energy development and implementation of clean alternative, energy consumption, the implementation of alternative energy, human energy model is the development trend and the ultimate goal. Building a new generation of energy systems requires a focus on a range of major scientific and engineering issues that address the source, end and transmission.
1, the source of integrated energy and power system key technology China's national economy and energy and power development is facing a grim form, fossil energy to bring serious haze, the urgent need for large-scale, high proportion of the development and utilization of renewable energy. Need to seek to absorb the intermittent, randomized renewable energy integrated solutions to build a renewable energy-based source integrated energy power system. Focusing on the grid as the backbone, covering large-scale renewable energy integrated energy power system simulation technology; demonstration application of renewable energy hydrogen engineering.
2, end of the integrated energy and power system key technologies Traditional power system does not support a variety of primary and secondary energy conversion and complement each other, both difficult to support a high proportion of distributed clean energy power access power system, not suited to a large number of distributed photovoltaic power generation , Small wind power, cold and heat triple supply, electric vehicles, batteries, hydrogen and other "plug and play" type of equipment access. Focusing on the end of the integrated energy and power system planning and operation technology, in 2020 by the end of a variety of energy network integration planning, high penetration of distributed energy access and use of a series of key technologies. Construction of the end of the integrated energy power system simulation platform. Built a number of cold, hot, electric integrated energy power system demonstration project.
3, the future of China's western DC power grid technology China's western DC power grid is currently only concept concept, the use of cutting-edge transmission technology in the southwest of the water, "three North" region of solar energy and wind energy and connected into a number of regional DC power grid, Transmission technology and DC voltage conversion technology sent to the central and eastern load center area, improve the voltage level and transmission capacity is the DC network needs to solve the key issues. Focus on the theory and technology of DC networking, to carry out demonstration applications in the west of more than renewable energy base in the western part of the DC network and send the preliminary work
Global Energy Internet Technology Global Energy Internet technology is based on clean energy-driven, energy consumption electrification and global allocation of energy resources to address the large-scale use of renewable energy in space and time to expand the forward-looking technical issues. "Thirteen five" period, the need to study the global energy Internet strategic planning technology; focus on breakthroughs in large-capacity, long-distance transmission technology, and large power grid safe and stable operation and control technology.
1, the global energy Internet strategic planning technology Global energy Internet scale, complex structure, the need for planning analysis theory, market space prediction, power flow pattern planning and large-scale grid structure design and other aspects of key research. 2020, built a global wind energy, solar energy, marine energy and other renewable energy resources database, objective and accurate grasp of global renewable energy resource reserves, distribution and development scale.
2, large-capacity, long-distance transmission technology and equipment in China's UHV AC / DC transmission technology in general in the international leading level. For the UHV DC converter transformer, DC through the wall / for rheological casing, DC switching devices and other high-end equipment, a small number of core devices manufacturing technology has not yet fully grasp the domestic, "thirteen" during the key research. In 2020, the successful development of ± 1100kV UHV DC through the wall casing, to enhance the DC transmission of major equipment, the core components of the localization level, the core components of the self-made rate of 70% to 90%, the establishment of UHVDC end-level access demonstration Project, built ± 1100kV UHV DC transmission demonstration project.
Efficient cleaning of thermal power technology development of efficient, clean, low-carbon coal-fired power generation technology and clean gas power generation technology is China's economic and social development of the urgent requirements and safeguard national security major strategic needs. Its development direction is to improve the energy efficiency of coal; the second is to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the generator group and the total; third is to reduce the emission intensity of CO2.
1,700 ℃ ultra-critical critical technology 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical power generation technology power generation efficiency of nearly 50%, 600 ℃ ultra-supercritical power generation technology 4% higher. At present, Europe and the United States and Japan and other countries to complete the basic material screening and performance testing, large-scale casting test production, high-temperature parts verification platform manufacturing, large heat-resistant alloy parts verification work. China in the project started late, there is a gap between key technologies and abroad. China will continue to carry out independent intellectual property rights of low-cost, high-strength high-temperature alloy materials development work, boiler heating surface pipe has been in Huaneng Nanjing thermal power plant linked to the network operation. By 2020, the core competitiveness of the independent intellectual property rights of 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technology to complete the development of key materials and key components to complete the 600MW grade 700 ℃ advanced ultra-supercritical power generation system design, choose to sign demonstration engineering.
2, ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed power generation technology With the white horse 600MW supercritical CFB boiler demonstration project successful operation, marking China has a large supercritical CFB boiler design and manufacturing capabilities. However, compared with the pulverized coal boiler, the utilization rate and efficiency of the fluidized bed boiler equipment are low, and it is difficult to realize the ultra low emission of the pollutant in the thermal power plant. Focusing on breakthrough CFB boiler flue gas pollutant ultra-low emission technology to further improve the CFB unit power generation efficiency, to 2017 to master the CFB boiler flue gas pollutant ultra-low emission technology; completed in 2020 600MW grade ultra-supercritical CFB generating units preliminary design, efficiency And equipment utilization to achieve the same level of pulverized coal boiler level.
3, combined cycle power generation and coal-based multi-generation technology Combined cycle power generation and coal-based multi-generation system is a comprehensive consideration of resources, energy and environmental benefits system, is one of the major energy technologies in the future, is the development trend of coal utilization The For the combined generation of power generation, the current generation of IGCC technology is being developed, the established IGCC demonstration power plant technology reached the international advanced level, but the economy and reliability is a key factor affecting its commercialization; for coal-based multi- Has carried out a large number of production processes and product production methods of innovative research, technical key and difficult is still coal pyrolysis and gasification device development. This paper focuses on the gasification furnace with air as gasifier and its corresponding IGCC system. In 2017, the key technologies and equipment of low-grade coal dry distillation are completed, and the feasibility study of IGCC + CCUS technology and coal-based multi-generation IGCC power station is completed. 2020, built to lignite low-temperature dry distillation based on the coal chemical industry integration demonstration project.
4, special coal power generation technology in some areas of China there are a large number of special ingredients of coal, such as Xinjiang Zhundong coal field metal content, Inner Mongolia lignite moisture content, there is no large unit 100% combustion